The Promise of Combination Therapy

Given the complexity of the biological mechanisms that underlie cancer, it is prudent to identify and target more than one Achilles’ heel to attack this multifactorial disease. This can be achieved by employing combination therapy, an approach to cancer treatment that combines multiple therapeutic agents to improve patient outcomes. 

Notable Labs is at the forefront of revolutionary advancements in combination therapy, one noteworthy example being its long-standing collaboration with Syros Pharmaceuticals. For Syros, Notable developed a highly efficient predictive biological test to screen patients for the clinical trial of a combination therapy against non-acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) acute myeloid leukemia (AML). 

Notable Labs’ innovative approach to combination therapy holds immense promise for significantly improving cancer treatment outcomes despite current limitations in commercial pursuit. This blog dives into the science behind the promise of combination therapy, how Notable is contributing toward the evolution of this technology, and why the company’s Board of Directors is excellently positioned to advance this field in the future. 

Technical Back-Up

Notable Labs' investigation into combination therapy against cancer is backed by decades of scientific research. Combination therapy holds immense promise in the fight against cancer because of its ability to additively or synergistically target two or more cancer pathways. Due to its multi-target approach, combination therapy is also an effective strategy to overcome anti-cancer drug resistance.

By collaborating with Syros in 2017, Notable Labs contributed to the phase II clinical trial of a therapy combining the drugs tamibarotene and azacitidine against non-APL AML. For this multi-arm monotherapy and combination therapy trial, Notable developed a blood-based biomarker test to help predict patient response to treatment.

Specifically, Notable was involved in conducting ex vivo experiments on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from the blood samples of non-APL AML patients. Harnessing the power of high-throughput flow cytometry, these experiments revealed that a 72-hour ex vivo exposure of PBMCs to tamibarotene upregulates various markers of myeloid cell differentiation, including the RARα pathway target CD38. 

Importantly, treatments that can promote myeloid cell differentiation are known to be effective against some subtypes of AML. Therefore, by testing a patient’s blood sample using Notable’s ex vivo approach, it is possible to predict whether the patient is likely to respond well to tamibarotene in monotherapy and combination therapy. Indeed, Notable’s ex vivo assay became one of the strategies Syros adopted when screening patients for enrolment in the phase II clinical trial of tamibarotene (alone as well as in combination with azacitidine).

Market Challenges

Currently, cancer treatment – and thus, the oncology market as a whole – is faced with a three-pronged challenge. There are millions of non-responders who are not benefiting from chemotherapeutic drugs, thousands of compelling drugs that need to be shelved because of perceived non-response, and hundreds of promising candidate drugs that are struggling to navigate the drug development pipeline. Notable Labs is committed to resolving these challenges through its successfully tested predictive precision medicine pipeline, a significant application of which was demonstrated during the Syros clinical trial. 

Notable Labs’ commitment is also one of the reasons why it has decided not to commercialize the combination therapy technology immediately. Notable wants to focus on refining the technology further, expanding its applications, and ensuring that it integrates seamlessly into existing healthcare systems. The company aims to develop more sophisticated prediction models and address regulatory and logistical challenges. This approach will help make Notable's technology accessible to a broader patient population, maximizing the life-saving potential of predictive diagnostics as well as combination therapy.

Broader Applications

The high-throughput nature of Notable’s ex vivo flow-cytometry-based predictive precision medicine pipeline has helped identify many powerful drug combinations to treat other cancers such as juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia. This pipeline also has great potential for identifying effective drug combinations and guiding patient enrolment in clinical trials of combination therapies for other cancers, including solid tumors. In the case of solid tumors, the Notable pipeline’s blood samples for ex vivo testing could be replaced by biopsy samples, circulating tumor cells, pleural effusion, or ascites, among other sampling options.

Founding Story

Notable’s CEO, Dr. Thomas Bock (MD, MBA), has ensured that the company is well-positioned to transform combination therapy for cancer. For decades, our CEO has worked on multiple dimensions of oncology, including precision medicine, prevention of inherited cancers, and cancer vaccines. At Notable, Dr. Bock combines his medical and business training to accomplish the company’s mission of dramatically improving patient outcomes and the success, speed, and cost of developing new medicines. 

Strength of the Board of Directors

Notable’s esteemed Board of Directors boasts of more than 150 years of combined professional experience in premier life science companies. Our board members excel in medicine (Dr. Bock), pharmacology (Mr. Tuomo Pätsi), business (Dr. Bock), finance (Mr. Michael Rice, Mr. Peter Feinberg, Mr. Thomas Graney), media communications (Ms. Michele Galen), and law (Mr. Thomas Dubin), fostering a vibrant and eclectic environment for Notable to thrive. This diverse team of bona fide giants from the pharmaceutical and biotechnology sectors is set to efficiently guide Notable Labs on its path to success in combination therapy and beyond.

Conclusion

Combination therapy for cancer, aided by predictive methods, could significantly improve patient outcomes while also broadening the population of patients who can benefit from a given drug combination. Leading the charge in this direction, Notable Labs’ predictive precision medicine pipeline boasts of massive potential to not only identify effective drug combinations for combination therapy, but also guide patient enrolment in clinical trials through predictive screening. Moving ahead, Notable’s technology is set to transform the treatment of multiple types of cancer by ensuring positive patient outcomes of personalized combination therapies in shorter times and at lower costs. 

Additional Data Points

• AML statistics (American Cancer Society): estimated 20,800 new diagnoses and 11, 220 deaths in the US in 2024. 
• Success stories and collaborations in the field of combination therapy: Notable’s collaboration with Syros to develop a predictive test for patient response to monotherapy and combination therapy. 
• Potential impact on cancer treatment outcomes: Combination therapy, aided by predictive methods, has the potential to enhance patient outcome while also broadening the population of patients who can benefit from a given combination of drugs.
• Future directions for research and development: AML treatment strategies must pivot towards personalized/precision medicine because of overwhelming heterogeneity of the disease.

References
Combination therapy in combating cancer. (2017). Oncotarget

Notable’s collaboration with Syros. (2017). Notable Labs + Syros

Differentiation therapy for myeloid malignancies: beyond cytotoxicity. (2021). Blood Cancer Journal

New strategies to treat AML: novel insights into AML survival pathways and combination therapies. (2021). Leukemia

Precision oncology using ex vivo technology: a step towards individualised cancer care?. (2022). Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine

Targeting RARA overexpression with tamibarotene, a potent and selective RARα agonist, is a novel approach in AML. (2023). Blood Advances

Notable Labs’ JMML data. (2023). Notable Labs 

Key statistics for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). (2024). American Cancer Society

About the Author

Dr. Anjaney Kothari is a scientific writer and researcher with a decade of experience in biomedical research. He completed his Ph.D. in Biomedical Engineering from Virginia Tech (USA) in 2019, developing and characterizing holistic in vitro and ex vivo models of hepatic and gastrointestinal toxicity. He has since been working as a freelance writer and researcher for companies operating in diverse niches, including biotechnology and biopharmaceuticals.

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